Crusades Timeline: 1230-1248

Note: where only the year is known, the event is listed last in the events for that year.

• 1095-1099 • 1100-1120 • 1121-1144 • 1145-1163 • 1164-1187 • 1188-1197 • 1198-1214 •
1215-1220 • 1221-1229 • 1230-1248 • 1249-1257 • 1258-1269 • 1270-1291 •
Events in Outremer Events in Europe
1230 Apr John Asen of Bulgaria defeats and captures Theodore Ducas of Epirus
May 3 Henry III lands in Brittany to support Peter of Dreux against Louis
Jul 23 Treaty of San Germano
Sep 23 Death of Alfonso IX of Leon; succeeded by his son, Ferdinand III of Castile, thus uniting the two kingdoms
Oct Henry's expedition to Brittany ends and he returns to England
Death of Ottokar I, King of Bohemia; succeeded by his son Wenceslaus I
Herman von Salza takes possession of Chelmno; the Teutonic Knights begin their conquest of Prussia
Death of Walter von der Vogelweide, last of the minnesingers
1231 May Henry as King of the Romans grants the "Constitution in favor of the princes", which gives them territorial sovereignty
Jul 5 Henry III and Louis IX sign a three-year peace treaty
Sep 16 Lewis I, Duke of Bavaria, murdered
Dec Henry III signs a truce with Llewelyn
Death of Vladislav III, Grand Prince of Poland
Frederick initiates the augustales, the first gold coins minted in western Europe since classical times
Pope Gregory appoints inquisitors against heresy in Germany
Gregory exempts Paris University from control by the cathedral
1232 May 2 Richard Filangieri, imperial legate in Palestine, defeats John of Ibelin at Casal Imbert; John was leading an anti-imperial alliance
Jun 15 John of Ibelin defeats Filangieri at Agridi, Cyprus
1233 Apr John of Ibelin expels Filangieri from Cyprus; Henry of Lusignan restored as King of Cyprus
May Gregory IX organizes the Holy Office (Inquisition)
Aug Earl of Pembroke and Llewelyn of Wales rebel against Henry
Nov 25 Pembroke defeats royal forces near Monmouth
1234 Apr 7 Death of Sancho VII; his subjects elect his adopted heir, Count Theobald IV of Champagne
Apr 15 Richard the Marshal murdered
May Louis IX marries Margaret of Provence
The princes of Germany ban the Inquisition there
1235 Mar 7 Death of Andrew II of Hungary; succeeded by his son Béla IV
Jul Henry VII is deposed as King of the Romans following his failed revolt against his father
Jul 15 Frederick marries his third wife, Isabella, sister of Henry III
Wenceslaus I grants privileges to Prague to encourage its settlement by Germans
Franciscan Friars arrive in Wroclaw
1236 Jan Statute of Merton issued by Henry III
Jan 14 Henry III marries Eleanor of Provence
Jun 29 Ferdinand of Castile and Leon takes Cordova
July At Piacenza, Frederick declares his intention of recovering Italy for the Empire; Pope Gregory declares the papacy supreme according to the Donation of Constantine
Nov Frederick burns Vicenza, then returns to Germany
Ezzelino da Romano becomes lord of Vicenza
Teutonic Knights complete their conquest of Prussia
Death of John of Ibelin, Lord of Beirut
Batu Khan conquers Georgia and the Volga Bulgars
1237 Jan Henry III confirms the Magna Carta
Jan Frederick makes Vienna an imperial city
Feb Frederick's son Conrad is elected King of the Romans
Ezzelino da Romano takes Padua, then Treviso
Mar 23 Death of John of Brienne, co-emperor of Constantinople
Nov 27 Frederick defeats the Lombard League at Cortenuova
Dec 21 Mongols capture Riazan Russia
James of Aragon conquers Murcia
Pope Gregory confirms the absorption of the Sword Brothers by the Teutonic Knights
1238 Jan 7 Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, marries Henry's sister, Eleanor
Feb 8 Batu Khan destroys Moscow
Mar Batu fails to take Novgorod, and withdraws to the Don River valley
Mar 8 Death of Sultan al-Kamil
Aug 3 Frederick begins siege of Brescia
Sep James of Aragon takes Valencia
Oct 9 Frederick abandons siege of Brescia
1239 Mar 20 Gregory excommunicates Frederick
Mar 20 Death of Hermann von Salza
Jun Frederick invades Tuscany and the Romagna
Jun 17 Birth of Edward I of England
Sep 1 The crusade of King Theobald of Navarre arrives at Acre
Oct Frederick abandons siege of Milan after six weeks
Nov 13 Part of the crusading army is defeated by the Egyptians at Gaza
Nov 13 Jaroslav, Grand Prince of Russia, begins making annual tribute payments to the Golden Horde
Béla IV of Hungary allows the Cumans, who are still pagan, to settle between the Danube and the Theiss
Central tower of Lincoln Cathedral collapses
1240 Mar 28 Death of Waldemar II of Denmark; succeeded by his son Eric IV
Apr Frederick takes Faenza and Benevento
Apr 9 Battle of Leignitz: Mongols defeat Poles and Teutonic Knights, after sacking Cracow. They then go on to ravage Silesia. They are finally defeated by the Bohemians, after which they retreat to Hungary.
Apr 11 Larger Mongol army under Batu Khan defeats Hungarians on the Sajo River. They then plunder along the Danube until defeated by the Croatians at Grobnok.
Jun John Asen III, Emperor of Bulgaria, dies; succeeded by his son Koloman
Aug 21 Death of Gregory IX
Sep 10 Archbishop of Mainz leads a revolt against Frederick
Oct 25 Pope Celestine IV elected
Nov 10 Pope Celestine dies
Dec 11 Death of Ogodai, Great Khan of the Mongols
Dec 25 Batu Khan captures Budapest
1241 Treaty between Hamburg and Lübeck; origin of the Hanseatic League
Louis IX founds Aigues-Mortes
Poland populated by Germans after the Mongols had massacred many of the natives
Reims Cathedral completed
1242 Apr 5 Alexander Nevski of Novgorod defeats the Teutonic Knights on Lake Peipus
May Raymond of Toulouse and the Lusignans in Poitou rebel against Louis IX; Henry III supports the rebels
Jul 21 Louis defeats Henry at Taillebourg; Henry leaves France and Louis is able to suppress the revolt of Toulouse and Poitou
Mongols leave central Europe on learning of the death of Ogodai. Batu now organizes his empire in Russia (Khanate of the Golden Horde)
Death of King Henry, Frederick II's son
Rebellion of Prussians against the Teutonic Knights
Jan Raymond submits to Louis
Apr 7 Treaty of peace between Louis and Henry
Sainte Chapelle begun
Boleslav V becomes Grand Prince of Poland
1244 Aug 23 Christians expelled from Jerusalem and city sacked by the Khwarizmian Turks
Oct 17 Egyptians defeat Christians at La Forbie, near Gaza
Monségur, last refuge of the Cathars, falls
May Philip III of France born
Jul 17 Pope Innocent formally deposes Frederick as emperor
Jul 24 Council of Lyons begins
John Carpini, a Franciscan, departs for Karakorum
Franciscans split into Conventual and Spiritual branches
1246 Feb 25 Death of David of Wales; succeeded by Llewelyn ap Gruffyd
May 22 Pope Innocent supports the election of Henry Raspe, Landgrave of Thuringia as King of the Romans
Aug Guyuk elected Great Khan of the Mongols
Death of Frederick the Valiant, last Babenberger Duke of Austria; Ottokar of Bohemia is elected to succeed
1247 Feb 17 Death of Henry Raspe
Aug 20 Ferdinand of Castile and Leon begins siege of Seville
Oct 3 Count William of Holland elected King of the Romans
Oct 15 Egyptians capture Ascalon
Louis initiates the ênqueteurs
Guyuk Khan appoints Alexander Nevski as Prince of Kiev
1248 Feb 18 Frederick defeated badly at Parma and is nearly captured
Apr Death of Guyuk, Great Khan of the Mongols
Aug 26 Louis IX sails from France on crusade
Dec 22 Seville surrenders to Ferdinand
Death of Sancho II of Portugal; succeeded by his brother Afonso III
Genoa conquers Rhodes
Cathedral of Cologne begun